Amen­de­menten Hazekamp op ontwerp­re­so­lutie over het streven naar een duurzame en concur­re­rende aqua­cultuur in de EU: de weg vooruit

Motion for a resolution on Striving for a sustainable and competitive EU aquaculture: the way forward of the Committee on Fisheries.

Amendment 1
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Citation 1

Motion for a resolution

— having regard to Articles 3, 4, 38, 43 and 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Amendment

— having regard to Articles 3, 4, 13, 38, 43, 192 and 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Amendment 2
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Citation 6 a (new)

Amendment

— Having regard to Council Directive 98/58/EC on the protection of animals kept for farming purposes;

Amendment 3
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Citation 6 b (new)

Amendment

— Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 of 22 December 2004 on the protection of animals during transport and related operations;

Amendment 4
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Citation 6 c (new)

Amendment

— Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009 of 24 September on the protection of animals at the time of killing;

Amendment 5
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Citation 16

Motion for a resolution

— having regard to its resolution of 4 December 2008 on the adoption of a European Cormorant Management Plan to minimise the increasing impact of cormorants on fish stocks, fishing and aquaculture⁶ ,

⁶ OJ C 21E , 28.1.2010, p. 11.

Amendment

deleted

Amendment 6
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Citation 16 a (new)

Amendment

— Having regard to the Review of Evidence of Sentience in Cephalopod Molluscs and Decapod Crustaceans by The London School of Economics and Political Science;

Amendment 7
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Recital A

Motion for a resolution

A. whereas the common fisheries policy states that aquaculture should contribute to the preservation of food production potential on a sustainable basis throughout the Union so as to guarantee long-term food security, including food supplies, growth and employment for Union citizens, and contribute to meeting the growing world demand for aquatic food;

Amendment

A. whereas the common fisheries policy states that aquaculture should contribute to the preservation of food production potential on a sustainable basis throughout the Union so as to guarantee long-term food security, including food supplies, growth and employment for Union citizens, and contribute to meeting the growing world demand for aquatic food; whereas the common fisheries policy should pay full regard to animal health, animal welfare, food and feed safety;

Amendment 8
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Recital B

Motion for a resolution

B. whereas the European Green Deal, the Biodiversity Strategy and the Farm to Fork Strategy aim to achieve a carbon neutral Europe by 2050 and make food systems fair, healthy and environmentally friendly across the Union; whereas aquaculture can provide healthy food with a smaller climate and environmental footprint than that of land-based farming;

Amendment

B. whereas the European Green Deal, the Biodiversity Strategy and the Farm to Fork Strategy aim to achieve a carbon neutral Europe by 2050 and make food systems fair, healthy and environmentally friendly across the Union; whereas certain types of
aquaculture can provide healthy food with a smaller climate and environmental footprint than that of land-based farming; whereas the carbon emissions of intensively farmed fish tend to be as high as those from pigs and poultry;

Amendment 9
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Recital H

Motion for a resolution

H. whereas the European Market Observatory for fisheries and aquaculture’s fishmeal and fish oil report from September 2021 indicates that most fishmeal in aquaculture feed is consumed in Asia and that in 2019, 34 % of fishmeal was used in China, 35 % in other Asian countries and 9 % of fishmeal was used in Europe; whereas 20 million tonnes of wild fish are captured for non-human feed purposes; whereas there is increasing competition for fishmeal on the global animal feed markets between aquaculture and livestock producers; whereas higher feed prices will imply that only feed-efficient and high-valued aquaculture products can be profitable with such inputs;

Amendment

H. whereas the European Market Observatory for fisheries and aquaculture’s fishmeal and fish oil report from September 2021 indicates that most fishmeal in aquaculture feed is consumed in Asia and that in 2019, 34 % of fishmeal was used in China, 35 % in other Asian countries and 9 % of fishmeal was used in Europe; whereas 20 million tonnes of wild fish are captured for non-human feed purposes; whereas there is increasing competition for fishmeal on the global animal feed markets between aquaculture and livestock producers; whereas higher feed prices will imply that only feed-efficient and high-valued aquaculture products can be profitable with such inputs; whereas feeding purpose-caught wild fish to farmed fish is an inefficient use of resources;

Amendment 10
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Recital L

Motion for a resolution

L. whereas the resolution on the adoption of a European Cormorant Management Plan to minimise the increasing impact of cormorants on fish stocks, fishing and aquaculture, adopted 13 years ago, proposed several possible actions to solve the problems that cormorants posed;

Amendment

deleted

Amendment 11
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Recital M

Motion for a resolution

M. whereas the own-initiative report entitled ‘Towards a sustainable and competitive European aquaculture sector’ highlights the importance, among many other actions, of minimising the increasing impact of cormorants on aquaculture;

Amendment

deleted

Amendment 12
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Recital M a (new)

Amendment

M a. Whereas cormorants are strictly protected under Annex I of the EU Birds Directive and should therefore be subject of special conservation measures in order to ensure their survival and reproduction; whereas Member States are however making extensive use of derogations to bypass the protected status of cormorants in order to deliberately kill them or to destruct or damage their nests and eggs, even to the extent that an impact on the conservation status could be expected in some countries;

Amendment 13
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Recital M b (new)

Amendment

M b. whereas farmed fish are required by legislation to be killed humanely; whereas most farmed fish are however killed by inhumane methods, such as asphyxiation in ice slurry, which are known to cause poor welfare as stated by the Aquatic Animal Health Code of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) 2016;

Amendment 14
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Recital M c (new)

Amendment

M c. Whereas farmed fish currently have minimal legislative welfare protection during rearing and transport; whereas more detailed, species specific legislation is required to prevent suffering and allow farmed fish lives worth living by provision of good health and ethological needs;

Amendment 15
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Recital M d (new)

Amendment

M d. Whereas the London School of Economics and Political Science, after evaluating over 300 scientific studies, concludes in its report of November 2021 that there is very strong evidence of sentience in octopods, involving the capacity to have feelings, such as feelings of pain, pleasure, hunger, thirst, warmth, joy, comfort and excitement; whereas the UK government has declared that lobsters, crabs, octopuses and related species will be included under the British Animal Welfare (Sentience) Bill; whereas the EU claims to be a global leader in the field of animal welfare;

Amendment 16
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Recital M e (new)

Amendment

M e. Whereas experts warn that octopus farming has damaging environmental consequences, would increase pressure on wild aquatic animals and is fraught with animal welfare problems;

Amendment 17
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Recital M f (new)

Amendment

M f. whereas aquaculture can have severe negative impacts of the environment due to pollution of marine ecosystems with organic waste and nutrients, releases of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and antifoulants, whereas fish farms can negatively impact wild fish populations by transferring disease and parasites to wild fish;

Amendment 18
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 2

Motion for a resolution

2. Highlights the potential of the aquaculture sector’s contributions to achieving the objectives of the European Green Deal, and highlights the need to ensure the long-term sustainability and resilience of the sector, notably in the light of the COVID-19 crisis; considers that the transition to a sustainable food system in Europe needs to include the aquaculture sector as an important part of the circular economy and as a net contributor to excess nutrient transformation in high-quality protein;

Amendment

2. Highlights the potential of the aquaculture sector’s contributions to achieving the objectives of the European Green Deal, and highlights the need to ensure the long-term sustainability and resilience of the sector, notably in the light of the COVID-19 crisis; considers that the transition to a sustainable food system in Europe could include sustainable aquaculture as part of the circular economy and as a net contributor to excess nutrient transformation in high-quality protein;

Amendment 19
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 3

Motion for a resolution

3. Points out that aquaculture is expected to contribute to food supply and food security by rebalancing the fish gap, since the EU needs to import 70 % of all the aquatic food it consumes and that causes an annual EUR 21 billion trade deficit (in 2019); considers that aquaculture has sizeable growth potential that needs to be enhanced, so that it can provide sustainable and quality food products, reduce our dependence on aquatic food imports and create more jobs, especially in coastal regions; calls on the Commission and the Member States to provide a predictable, streamlined and business-friendly legal framework, and making full use of the available financing resources of the European Maritime Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EMFAF), as this is the only environment under which these aquaculture contributions can occur;

Amendment

3. Points out that aquaculture is expected to contribute to food supply and food security by rebalancing the fish gap, since the EU needs to import 70 % of all the aquatic food it consumes and that causes an annual EUR 21 billion trade deficit (in 2019); considers that aquaculture has sizeable growth potential that needs to be enhanced, so that it can provide sustainable and quality food products, reduce our dependence on aquatic food imports and create more jobs, especially in coastal regions; calls on the Commission and the Member States to provide a predictable, streamlined and environmentally- and animal friendly legal framework, and making full use of the available financing resources of the European Maritime Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EMFAF), as this is the only environment under which these aquaculture contributions can occur;

Amendment 20
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 4

Motion for a resolution

4. Supports the establishment of the new EU aquaculture assistance mechanism as an innovative tool to aid the Commission, Member States, industry and other stakeholders to develop further guidance and consolidate best practices on different relevant areas; considers that all relevant stakeholders should be involved in the creation of this mechanism, in particular all members of the Aquaculture Advisory Council, in accordance with Article 11 TEU that recognises participatory democracy as a fundamental democratic principle; calls for the creation of meaningful dialogue with civil society;

Amendment

4. Supports the establishment of the new EU aquaculture assistance mechanism as an innovative tool to aid the Commission, Member States, industry and other stakeholders as well as experts in the field of animal welfare and sustainability to develop further guidance and consolidate best practices on different relevant areas; considers that all relevant stakeholders should be involved in the creation of this mechanism, in particular all members of the Aquaculture Advisory Council, in accordance with Article 11 TEU that recognises participatory democracy as a fundamental democratic principle; calls for the creation of meaningful dialogue with civil society;

Amendment 21
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 5

Motion for a resolution

5. Stresses that the growth potential of the EU aquaculture sector needs to be developed in a sustainable manner, taking all three pillars of sustainability – economic, social and environmental – into consideration; points out the need to have a market-oriented sector with a legal framework for attracting business investments and protecting the environment by using sustainable feed sources, improving aquatic health and biosecurity, reducing the burden of disease and encouraging the responsible and prudent use of antimicrobials;

Amendment

5. Stresses that the EU aquaculture sector needs to be developed in a sustainable manner, taking all three pillars of sustainability – economic, social and environmental – into consideration; points out the need to have a market-oriented sector with a legal framework for attracting business investments and protecting the environment by using sustainable feed sources, improving aquatic health, animal welfare and biosecurity, reducing the burden of disease and encouraging the significantly reduced use of antimicrobials;

Amendment 22
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 8

Motion for a resolution

8. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to facilitate, encourage and provide adequate support for environmentally friendly aquaculture, such as organic farms, closed-system aquaculture, algae, shellfish, pond fish farming and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems;

Amendment

8. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to facilitate, encourage and provide adequate support for environmentally friendly aquaculture, such as organic farms, algae, shellfish, pond fish farming and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems;

Amendment 23
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 10

Motion for a resolution

10. Reiterates the need for a food traceability system in the EU that enhances the sustainability of the aquaculture sector and responds to consumer demands by providing information on where, when, how and what fish or seafood has been farmed, primarily to improve food safety but also to enable checks throughout the chain of both EU products and imports from outside the EU and to combat fraud; believes that this system should involve all actors in the value chain, so that they can collaborate with one another using digital systems, artificial intelligence and other technological innovations;

Amendment

10. Reiterates the need for a food traceability system in the EU that enhances the sustainability of the aquaculture sector and responds to consumer demands by providing information on where, when, how and what fish or seafood has been farmed and slaughtered, primarily to improve food safety but also to enable checks throughout the chain of both EU products and imports from outside the EU and to combat fraud; believes that this system should involve all actors in the value chain, so that they can collaborate with one another using digital systems, artificial intelligence and other technological innovations;

Amendment 24
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 11

Motion for a resolution

11. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to support green business models, such as those based on carbon sequestration, in order to make supply chains more sustainable; stresses, in this regard, that certain aquaculture practices, such as mussel or oyster farming, can be successful models for the future, in the context of the Emissions Trading System; calls on the Commission and the Member States to support this type of green business in the light of the strategy’s objectives;

Amendment

11. Welcomes the Commission’s intention to support green business models, such as those based on carbon sequestration, in order to make supply chains more sustainable; stresses, in this regard, that certain aquaculture practices, such as mussel or oyster farming, can be successful models for the future; calls on the Commission and the Member States to support this type of green business in the light of the strategy’s objectives;

Amendment 25
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 12

Motion for a resolution

12. Considers that the aquaculture sector should commit to actively applying evidence-based interventions to improve fish welfare, including maintaining water quality within welfare-relevant limits, as a way of reducing the prevalence and spread of diseases, which diminishes the need for antibiotics and lowers pollution levels; highlights that the aquaculture sector should continue to improve farming methods in line with the most up-to-date scientific knowledge available in order to achieve better environmental results, resilience against climate change and the optimisation of resource use;

Amendment

12. Considers that the aquaculture sector should commit to actively applying evidence-based interventions to improve fish welfare, including improving handling of fish to reduce stress, ensuring humane slaughter methods and maintaining water quality within welfare-relevant limits, as a way of reducing the prevalence and spread of diseases, which diminishes the need for antibiotics and lowers pollution levels; highlights that the aquaculture sector should continue to improve farming methods in line with the most up-to-date scientific knowledge available in order to achieve better environmental results, animal welfare, resilience against climate change and the optimisation of resource use;

Amendment 26
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13

Motion for a resolution

13. Calls on the Member States to continue encouraging the promotion of algae farming without neglecting the more conventional aquaculture farmed species; considers that restoring and better managing seaweed populations could be an effective way, in addition to farming algae, to combat eutrophication and remove excess carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from water;

Amendment

13. Calls on the Member States to continue encouraging the promotion of algae farming and other extensive systems such as bivalves and pond fish which provide ecosystem services; considers that restoring and better managing seaweed populations could be an effective way, in addition to farming algae, to combat eutrophication and remove excess carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from water;

Amendment 27
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 a (new)

Amendment

13 a. Calls on the Commission and Member States to require the use of higher welfare standards and lower stocking densities and to only stimulate food systems with a neutral or positive impact on the environment and low feed input;

Amendment 28
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 13 b (new)

Amendment

13 b. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to prohibit aquaculture systems that cannot meet the welfare needs of the animals or that rely on feeding fishmeal and -oil to farmed fish; points out in this regards that farming of octopuses involves serious animal welfare problems as well as environmental problems and calls on the Commission and the Members States to prohibit the opening of any octopus farms;

Amendment 29
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 18

Motion for a resolution

18. Stresses the importance of sustainable feed ingredients for aquaculture in the Union; considers that aquaculture can only fill the fish gap if all species farmed provide a net gain in fish protein, meaning that aquaculture does not remove more wild fish from the oceans for feed requirements than it produces; stresses the need to use ecologically sustainable marine proteins and oils, by-products and trimmings, other proteins and innovative solutions, such as insect meal and microalgae, and the partial replacement of marine proteins and oils with non-marine alternatives; calls on the Commission and the Member States to promote responsible and sustainable practices and increase the percentage of independently certified fishmeal and fish oil within feeds, with certification done by a credible and independent environmental and social certification scheme, such as the one by the Marine Stewardship Council, that uses low trophic index assessment criteria and the FAO code of conduct;

Amendment

18. Stresses the importance of sustainable feed ingredients for aquaculture in the Union; considers that aquaculture can only fill the fish gap if all species farmed provide a net gain in fish protein, meaning that aquaculture should make no use of purpose-caught wild fish from the oceans for feed requirements as this puts additional pressure on wild populations; stresses the need to use ecologically sustainable marine proteins and oils in the form of by-products and trimmings, other proteins and innovative solutions, such as insect meal and microalgae, and the partial replacement of marine proteins and oils with non-marine alternatives which are sustainably produced; calls on the Commission and the Member States to promote responsible and sustainable practices such as zero input extensive systems and increase the percentage of independently certified fishmeal and fish oil within feeds, with certification done by a credible and independent environmental and social certification scheme, such as the one by the Marine Stewardship Council, that uses low trophic index assessment criteria and the FAO code of conduct;

Amendment 30
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 19

Motion for a resolution

19. Acknowledges the fact that it is not currently possible to provide enough fishmeal and fish oil to aquaculture with just discards and by-products from the fishing industry, in part because of increasing competition within the fishmeal market; calls on the Commission and Member States to jointly step up efforts on research and innovation to solve this particular problem;

Amendment

19. Acknowledges the fact that it is not currently possible to provide enough fishmeal and fish oil to aquaculture with just discards and by-products from the fishing industry, in part because of increasing competition within the fishmeal market; calls on the Commission and Member States to jointly step up efforts on research and innovation to solve this particular problem by moving away from systems that farm carnivorous species which are dependent on fishmeal; reiterates its call to stimulate a population-wide shift in consumption patterns towards more healthy foods, diets and lifestyles, including increased consumption of sustainably and regionally produced plants and plant-based foods;

Amendment 31
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 20

Motion for a resolution

20. Calls on the Commission to acknowledge the importance of conducting EU-wide communication campaigns about the EU aquaculture sector and the importance of production with funds under direct management in line with the objectives of the strategic guidelines; calls on the Member States and the Commission to include the organisation of information and communication campaigns in all operational programmes, in line with the objectives of the strategic guidelines, on specific subsectors of the EU aquaculture sector;

Amendment

deleted

Amendment 32
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 23

Motion for a resolution

23. Stresses the need to improve the availability of veterinary medicines for the aquaculture sector in order to be able to comply with the proposed actions on fish health and welfare; calls on the Commission to support scientific knowledge on fish welfare, promote best aquaculture practices on fish wellbeing and promote the creation of EU reference centres for fish welfare;

Amendment

23. Stresses the need to improve fish health and welfare; calls on the Commission to support scientific knowledge on fish welfare, promote best aquaculture practices on fish wellbeing and promote the creation of EU reference centres for fish welfare;

Amendment 33
Anja Hazekamp

Motion for a resolution
Paragraph 25

Motion for a resolution

25. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to establish permanent measures to regulate the number of cormorants and reduce their economic and social impact on aquaculture; considers that only some of Parliament’s demands have been fulfilled through the actions of the Commission, such as the guidance document for applying derogations under Article 9(1) of the Birds Directive, the CorMan Project and the EU Cormorant Platform; calls on the Commission to include the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) in Annex II, Part A of the Birds Directive, which consists of a list of species that may be hunted under national legislation;

Amendment

deleted